The Beaked Whales

 

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Beaked Whales

Andrews' Beaked Whale (Mesoplodon bowdoini)

Andrews' Beaked Whale is a little-known, and little-seen, cetacean, known only from strandings. It inhabits the waters of New Zealand and Australia. It has also been spotted in the waters just north of Antarctica.

Classification: Named by the American naturalist Roy C. Andrews in 1908, deriving its specific name, Bowdoini, after George Bowdoin, a trustee of the American Museum of Natural History.

Local Names: Bowdoin's Beaked Whale; Deepcrest Beaked Whale; Splay-Toothed Beaked Whale.
Description: Adult males are black to dark blue all over, except for the tip of the rostrum and the lower jaw, which are white. The two teeth located in the lower jaw are set in raised sockets at the middle of the beak; these erupt in males but not in females. The longest female recorded measured 4.57m.

Recognition at sea: It is virtually impossible to tell this species from either Hubbs' Beaked Whale or Stejneger's Beaked Whale.

Habitat: Inhabits temperate waters in the southern Indian and Pacific Oceans.

Food & Feeding: Unknown.

Behaviour: Unknown.

Longevity: Unknown.

Estimated Current Population: Unknown.

The Influence of Man: Unknown.


Arnoux's Beaked Whale (Beradius arnuxii)

Arnoux's Beaked Whale is a little-known, and little-seen, species. It is probably found in deep offshore waters south of the Tropic of Capricorn. Pods have been sighted around the southernmost coasts of South America, South Africa and Australasia. Due to the number of strandings, they seem to summer around the Cook Strait region of New Zealand.

Classification: This species' genus, Berardius, is named after the French commander of the vessel that carried the first specimen from New Zealand to France in 1876. Arnoux was the ship's surgeon.

Local Names: Southern Four-Toothed Whale; Southern Beaked Whale; New Zealand Beaked Whale; Southern Giant Bottlenose Whale; Southern Porpoise Whale.
Description: Arnoux's Beaked Whale closely resembles Baird's Beaked Whale, but is around 20% smaller. Males are scarred around the dorsal fin, the skin colour is brown with a lighter head region. There are four teeth on the lower jaw; these erupt through the gum and are exposed outside the closed mouth in both sexes. The maximum documented length for this species is 9.75m, and females are thought to be slightly larger than males.

Recognition at sea: This species is very difficult to distinguish from the Southern Bottlenose Whale, and may be dismissed as such if true identification is impossible.

Habitat: Unknown.

Food & Feeding: Unknown.

Behaviour: Seem to travel in units of 6-10, but larger groups of 80 individuals have been recorded.

Longevity: Unknown.

Estimated Current Population: Unknown.

The Influence of Man: Unknown.


Baird's Beaked Whale (Beradius bairdii)

Baird's Beaked Whale is found in the North Pacific Ocean, and spends summer in inshore waters, and winter offshore. This species is most
commonly seen around Japan, central California, USA, and off Vancouver Island, Canada.

Classification: Named after the American naturalist Spencer F. Baird, the secretary of the Smithsonian Institution.

Local Names: Bottlenose Whale (North American whalers); Northern Giant Bottlenose Whale; North Pacific Bottlenose Whale; Giant Four-Toothed Whale; Northern Four-Toothed Whale; North Pacific Four-Toothed Whale; Tsuchimbo or Tsuchi-kujira (Japan). 'Tsuchi' is an old-fashioned hammer shaped like a bottle, and so refers to this species' prominant beak.
Description: The largest member of the beaked whales, with a long beak and bulging forehead. The lower jaw extends further than the upper, revealing the one of the two pairs of teeth even when the mouth is closed. These long-bodied animals have small flippers and a small blunt dorsal, and are slate grey in colour, which can look like brown or black at sea. The undersides are blotched with white. Adults are normally scarred from the teeth of their companions, cookie-cutter sharks and orcas. The females tend to be larger than the males, with a maximum length of 12.8m and 11.9m respectively; an 11.1m female weighed in at 11 tonnes.

Recognition at sea: Normally encountered in pods, these large beaked whales can be identified by their large size, the long beak and the visible teeth at the front of the lower jaw. Baird's Beaked Whales are easily distinguishable from the Bottlenose Whales as the latter have a smaller and less pronounced beak, and a more prominant dorsal.

Habitat: Baird's Beaked Whales are restricted to waters of the continental slope, and where the seabed is only a few thousand metres of the surface, in the North Pacific Ocean. The blow is bushy and easily detected on calm days, and the bulging melon and front of the beak tend to jut above the water when the animal blows.

Food & Feeding: Feed on bottom-dwelling creatures at depths between 1,000-3,000 feet, as well as mackerel, sardines, squid, skates, octopi, crustaceans and deepwater fish.

Behaviour: Quite gregarious, tending to travel in groups of between five and twenty individuals, but with larger units of fifty being recorded. Usually wary and difficult to approach, pods of this species tend to surface together and remain in tight-knit formation; if threatened, will dive to extreme depths.

Longevity: Between 35-80 years.

Estimated Current Population: Unknown.

The Influence of Man: Baird's Beaked Whales have been annually exploited by Japan, with catches reaching as high as 322 in 1952. The catch averaged out between 1972-81 to 39 whales per year, and since 1983 it has been governed by a quota of 40. Soviet whalers took 176 between 1933-1974, while the United States and Canada took a total of 39 during the 1940s, 50s and 60s. It is assumed that this species is in no immediate danger.


Bahamonde's Beaked Whale (Mesoplodon bahamondi)

This cetacean is known only from the Juan Fernández Archipelago, west of Chile.

Classification: This species was named in 1996, making it the most recent cetacean to be recognised as a new species. It is possible that it is the same species as the Unidentified Beaked Whale.

Local Names: None.

Description: This cetacean is known predominantly from a discovery of a skull in 1986. It is thought that this skull belonged to an animal 5-5.5m in length.

Recognition at sea: Unknown.

Habitat: Has only been located around the Juan Fernández Archipelago, west of Chile, where the skull was found.

Food & Feeding: Unknown.

Behaviour: Unknown.

Longevity: Unknown.

Estimated Current Population: Unknown.

The Influence of Man: Unknown.


Blainville's Beaked Whale (Mesoplodon densirostris)

Blainville's Beaked Whale is the most widely distributed Mesoplodon. It is known along the Canadian, American and Caribbean coasts of the Atlantic Ocean. Other reports, however, are scattered: there has been one report from each of Portugal, Spain, Madiera, Japan, and Australia. Other sightings have been reported from Hawaii, Taiwan, Midway Island, Mauritius, the Seychelles and South Africa.

Classification: Originally identified by French natural historian Henri de Blainville from a piece of the upper jaw, Blainville's Beaked Whale has been found to produce the most dense bone of any animal. Therefore its specific name, densirostris, reflects this (denus and rostrum being Latin for 'dense' and 'beak' respectively).

Local Names: Dense Beaked Whale; Atlantic Beaked Whale; Tropical Beaked Whale.

Description: The main pattern of this species is dark above, light below, with a tendancy for the dorsal fin to darken considerably in adults. In the young the belly is cream which darkens to a blue-grey hide. There is an eye patch which is also dark, with females alone developing both white upper and lower jaws and scars. The lower jaw is arched in the same fashion as the Right Whales', with a promiant tooth erupting at the peak of this arch in males. The maximum recorded lengths have been 4.73m (male) and 4.71m (female).

Recognition at sea: Unknown.

Habitat: Warm temperate to tropical waters.

Food & Feeding:It is thought that squid and possibly small fish are this cetacean's primary prey.

Behaviour: It is thought that Blainville's Beaked Whales travel in groups of between three to seven individuals, and they communicate via pulsed 'clicks' and whistles. Scars on some stranded animals may indicate attacks from Orcas or False Killer Whales.

Longevity: Unknown.

Estimated Current Population: Unknown.

The Influence of Man: This species was taken by Taiwan through the small cetaceans fisheries.


Cuvier's Beaked Whale   (Ziphius cavirostris)

Cuvier's Beaked Whale is one of the most widespread in its family, occuring in all save the polar seas. No migrations are known, and populations are residential around Japan, Hawaii and New Zealand.

Classification: This species' genus name originates from xiphos, which is Greek for 'sword'. Caviorstris comes from the Latin cavus ('hollow') and rostrum ('beak'), thus referring to the basin found on the skull just before the blowhole.

Local Names: Cuvier's Whale; Goosebeak Whale; Goose-Beaked Whale; Akabo-Kujira or Kajippo (Japan).

Description: Cuvier's Beaked Whale is similar in stature and shape to other beaked whales, with small flippers and dorsal fin, and a stocky but compressed body. The beak is not set apart from the melon, and the mouthline is curved at the back, showing a hint of a 'grin'. Young are generally brown to grey, with a paler head and belly. With age, the head becomes mostly white, which is especially noticeable in males. The body colour of adults is varied: at the surface it can have a reddish cast, but could also be either tan, light brown, acorn brown, or 'gun-metal' blue. Scars give each individual a different appearance. There are two teeth at the front of the lower jaw, and these erupt through the gum in males to become exposed when the mouth is closed. The maximum length documented so far has been 7m for males and 7.5m for females, while a female of 6.5m weighed in at just below 3 tonnes.

Recognition at sea: Cuvier's Beaked Whale can be confused with the other species of beaked whales. However, experienced watchers may be able to distinguish it by looking for the sloping forehead, short beak, exposed tusks in adult males and the pale or white head. The blow is low and inconspicuous.

Habitat: This is a deepwater species that is rarely seen in coastal waters.

Food & Feeding: The diet of this species is not properly known, but stomach contents suggest that mainly squid and deepsea fish are taken.

Behaviour: These whales are usually found in units of between two to seven individuals, or - as with adult males - alone. When at the surface, the chin seems to be thrust forward above the water, and occasional breaches have been witnessed. Strandings are normally of single animals only.

Longevity: Approximately 60 years.

Estimated Current Population: Unknown.

The Influence of Man: Cuvier's Beaked Whale have only been directly caught by Japan, with 13-60 animals being taken every year between 1965-1970. Occasionally caught in other cetacean hunts, such as by those of the Lesser Antilles, this species was also used as targets by French and Spanish military vessels in the Mediterranean.


Gervais' Beaked Whale (Mesoplodon europaeus)

Gervais' Beaked Whales are found in the western North Atlantic, commonly stranding along the coast of America from New York to Texas and Florida. Caribbran and West African strandings have also been reported. Oddly, there is no explanation for why the first specimen was found as far north as the English Channel.

Classification: The French biologist, Gervais, classified this species in 1855. Its specific name, europaeus, refers to where the first specimen was found - floating in the English Channel.

Local Names: Gulf Stream Beaked Whale; Antillean Beaked Whale; European Beaked Whale.

Description: Gervais' Beaked Whales are grey in colour, which lightens to a pale grey on the undersides. The head is small and sometimes has a white tip. Two small front teeth are found towards the front of the mouth. The longest male measured 4.5m, and the longest female 5.2m, which suggests sexual dimorphism.

Recognition at sea: Unknown.

Habitat: Gervais' Beaked Whale inhabits tropical to warm temperate waters in the Atlantic.

Food & Feeding: A stomach analysis of an adult Gervais' Beaked Whale shows that squid is the main food source.

Behaviour: Unknown.

Longevity: Unknown.

Estimated Current Population: Unknown.

The Influence of Man: Unknown.


Ginkgo-Toothed Beaked Whale (Mesoplodon ginkgodens)

The Ginkgo-Toothed Beaked Whale is only known from strandings - ten in the North Pacific, one from the South Pacific, and two from the Indian Ocean.

Classification: This species was classified by two Japanese scientists, Nishiwaki and Kamiya, in 1957. The common and specific name, ginkgodens, refers to the shape of its teeth, which resemble the leaves of the Japanese ginkgo tree.

Local Names: Japanese Beaked Whale; Ichoha Kujira (Japan); Ginkgo Beaked Whale.

Description: Adult males are dark grey in colour, and females are lighter with pale undersides. The teeth on the lower jaw are found towards the middle of the beak and erupt only in mature males. The longest female measured 4.9m, the longest male 4.7m.

Recognition at sea: Unknown.

Habitat: The Ginkgo-Toothed Beaked Whale inhabits tropical to warm temperate waters.

Food & Feeding: Unknown.

Behaviour: Unknown.

Longevity: Unknown.

Estimated Current Population: Unknown.

The Influence of Man: Indivuiduals have been caught in Japan's small cetacean fisheries.


Gray's Beaked Whale  (Mesoplodon grayi)

Gray's Beaked Whale seems to be curcumpolar in the Southern Hemisphere as most records are from New Zealand and Australia. Other sightings and strandings have been noted in Chile, South Africa, amd Argentina. One individual stranded in 1927 on the coast of the Netherlands.

Classification: This species was classified by Julius Von Haast (Director of the New Zealand Museum) in 1876. It was dedicated to the memory of the famous British biologist, John Gray, who died the year before.

Local Names: Scamperdown Whale; Southern Beaked Whale.

Description: Adults are dark grey in colour, with pale patches on the undersides. The small head leads to a narrow beak which becomes white in adulthood. Two small, triangular teeth erupt from the front of the lopwer jaw in both sexes. There are 17-22 pairs of small teeth in the upper jaw. The longest male ever recorded measured 4.74m, with the longest female measuring 5.64m.

Recognition at sea: Unknown.

Habitat: Gray's Beaked Whale is thought to prefer cool temperate seas.

Food & Feeding:Unknown.

Behaviour: Individuals have been known to raise their beak from the water upon surfacing. One mass stranding of 28 animals has been reported, an unusual event for beaked whales.

Longevity: Unknown.

Estimated Current Population: Unknown.

The Influence of Man: Unknown.


Hector's Beaked Whale (Mesoplodon hectori)

Hector's Beaked Whale is known from records in the Southern Hemisphere, mainly Australia, New Zealand, South Africa, the Falkland Isles, and some countries of South America. In recent years, however, it seems that this cetacean's range has extended, for some have stranded in Southern California, USA.

Classification: It was in 1871 that John Gray described this species. The specific name, hectori, is derived from J. Hector, the curator of the New Zealand museum that housed the first specimen.

Local Names: New Zealand Beaked Whale; Skew-Beaked Whale.

Description: Hector's Beaked Whale appears to be dark grey to brown in colour, with pale grey undersides. Scratches and scars are common on the flanks, while a small triangular tooth is found exposed on either side of the lower jaw near the tip. The longest stranded male was 4.3m, with the longest female slightly bigger at 4.43m.

Recognition at sea: Unknown.

Habitat: Hector's Beaked Whale tends to prefer cool temperate waters.

Food & Feeding:A stomach analysis of an adult Hector's Beaked Whale shows that squid is the main food source.

Behaviour: Unknown.

Longevity: Unknown.

Estimated Current Population: Unknown.

The Influence of Man: Unknown.


Hubbs' Beaked Whale   (Mesoplodon carlhubbsi)

Hubbs' Beaked Whale is a little-known, and little-seen, cetacean. It inhabits the North Pacific.

Classification: The American biologist Moore described this species in 1963 and named it after the American marine biologist Carl Hubbs.

Local Names: Arch-Beaked Whale.

Description: Adult females and the young are medium grey which fades through lighter grey to white on the flanks and undersides. Males are dark grey to black, save for a white region from the rostrum's tip and lower jaw to the back of the teeth, and another around the blowhole. Two prominant teeth erupt from the rear of their lower jaw, but remain concealed in females. The skin may have many scratches from other males' teeth. Both the longest male and the longest female specimens measured 5.32m.

Recognition at sea: Unknown.

Habitat: Hubbs' Beaked Whale inhabits cold temperate waters, and seems to follow the deep subarctic currents.

Food & Feeding:A stomach analysis of an adult Hubbs' Beaked Whale shows that squid and deepsea fish are the main prey.

Behaviour: Unknown.

Longevity: Unknown.

Estimated Current Population: Unknown.

The Influence of Man: Japan has taken some individuals as part of the small-scale harpoon fisheries.


Lesser Beaked Whale   (Mesoplodon peruvianus)

The Lesser Beaked Whale is a little-known, and little-seen, species, known only from thirteen specimens. It is known only in Peruvian waters. Its existence was first noted in 1976 - from an unidentified skull found at a Peruvian fish market; nine years later a full skeleton was discovered in the same way. In 1988 a stranded adult male was found on a beach; and in 1991 the species was properly named.

Classification: This species was named in 1991, after the country in which the first specimens were found.

Local Names: Peruvian Beaked Whale; Pygmy Beaked Whale.

Description: The smallest of all Mesoplodon species, the Lesser Beaked Whale has a small, triangular dorsal fin and a short, narrow beak. The head is also narrow and the melon not as bulbous as in other species. There are two teeth on the lower jaw. This cetacean in dark grey in colour, which fades to light grey on the undersides. It appears to measure between 3.4-3.7m in length.

Recognition at sea: This species is very difficult to distinguish at sea due to the little amount of information that is available. The blow is inconspicuous.

Habitat: The Lesser Beaked Whale has so far only been found in the waters off the coast of Peru.

Food & Feeding:It is thought that this species preys mainly on deepsea fish and squid.

Behaviour: The Lesser Beaked Whale has been seen in groups of two-three individuals (the third is usually a calf), although all strandings have involved lone animals.

Longevity: Unknown.

Estimated Current Population: Unknown.

The Influence of Man: Unknown.


Longman's Beaked Whale  (Mesoplodon pacificus)

Longman's Beaked Whale is one of the most enigmatic of whales, which has never been identified in the flesh. Two skulls found on beaches have been assigned to this species: one from Queensland, Australia, the other from Somalia. It is thought that this is a deepsea Indo-Pacific species.

Classification: Longman originally thought this species to belong to the genus Mesoplodon and to resemble True's Beaked Whale. In 1926 - some forty-four years after the first skull was found - he gave it the name pacificus, in order to distinguish it from the latter, which was only known by three specimens at the time. However, Alan N. Baker from New Zealand's National Museum has suggested that one of the skulls is too large for a Mesoplodon, and, like other scientists, believes that Longman's Beaked Whale should be in a genus of its own, Indopacetus. The debate - and the mystery of this cetacean - continues.

Local Names: Pacific Beaked Whale; Indo-Pacific Beaked Whale.

Description: Longman's Beaked Whale has never been seen in the flesh. The skull of this cetacean has forward-pointing teeth from the tip of the lower jaw, a characteristic shared with Cuvier's Beaked Whale and the two Bottlenose Whales. About halfway along the rostrum's length, there is a distinctive swelling.

Recognition at sea: Unknown.

Habitat: Unknown.

Food & Feeding:Unknown.

Behaviour: Unknown.

Longevity: Unknown.

Estimated Current Population: Unknown.

The Influence of Man: Unknown.


Northern Bottlenose Whale   (Hyperoodon ampullatus)

The Northern Bottlenose Whale is only found in the northern North Atlantic, entering the North Sea regularly and sometimes straying as far south as the Azores or the Mediterranean.

Classification: The genus Hyperoodon derives from the Greek hyperoe ('above') and odontos ('a tooth'), referring to a skull with no exposed teeth in the lower jaw. The specific name, ampullatus, means 'flask' and refers to the bottle-shaped head.

Local Names: North Atlantic Bottlenose Whale; Flathead; Bottlehead; Steephead; Bottlenosen or Andehval (Norway); Butskopf (German or Dutch); Anarnaq (Greenland); Andhvaler (Iceland).

Description: The head is the predominant feature of this species; in females and young, it is rounded but not particularly defined from the beak. In males, however, the front surface is flat and it overhangs the beak, becoming more and more bluff with the onset of old age. The bottle-like beak is moderately long, whilst the dorsal fin has a prominant, pointed peak. There are two teeth on the lower jaw, and sometimes another pair can be found just behind these. The body colour is brown to grey, with the dorsal fin being darker and the melon and face lighter. The skin can appear to have a mottled appearance, and in old males, the facial regions can turn white. Males reach a maximum size of 9.8m, with females measuring about 8.7m in length.

Recognition at sea: The Northern Bottlenose Whale is the only beaked whale with a bulging melon in the North Atlantic, and therefore should be easy to identify with its huge size. If only the back and dorsal fin, however, are seen, then it is possible to confuse females and young males with smaller beaked whales and maybe even the Minke Whale.

Habitat: Northern Bottlenose Whales do not really become common until the water reaches a depth of 1,000m. They tend to prefer waters in the temperature range of -2ºC to +17ºC, and occasionally travel a few kilometres into pack ice fields.

Food & Feeding:Squid are a speciality prey to this large cetacean, with sea cucumbers, prawns, herrings, starfish and deepsea fish. Akin to Sperm Whales, they also have a habit of ingesting odd items, such as floating debris.

Behaviour: Northern Bottlenose Whales travel in units of between four and ten individuals, but more than one unit may be in sight at any one time. In some areas, such as the sea around Iceland, there is some segregation on the basis of sex and age; groups of mothers and calves travel together, whereas old males and youngsters may travel alone. This species' gregarious habits - such as approaching boats or staying near wounded pod members - made them easy to kill.

Longevity: Approximately 30-40 years.

Estimated Current Population: Unknown, but listed as vulnerable since 1976.

The Influence of Man: The Northern Bottlenose Whale was the victim of occasional hunting between 1850-70. By the 1880s, Norway had a seperate fleet for the slaughter of Bottlenose Whales alone, and in 1896 more than 3,330 whales were taken. However, by 1927 the Norwegian fleet had decreased to one ship, and there was little hunting of these whales until the 1940s, when Norway began its open-sea fishery of Minke Whales for human food. Killer Whales, Long-Finned Pilot Whales and Bottlenose Whales were taken for animal feed, and nearly 6,000 of the latter were taken between 1927-1973, mostly from the southern tip of Greenland. Norway stopped its Bottlenose Whale fishery in 1973, mainly for economic reasons, and the species was finally protected in 1977.


Shepherd's Beaked Whale (Tasmacetus sherpherdi)

Shepherd's Beaked Whale is a little-known, and little-seen, species. More than half the sightings and strandings have originated from New Zealand, with the remainder coming from Australia, Argentina, and Chile.

Classification: This species' scientific name refers to the Tasman Sea, where the first specimen was found, and its collector, Mr G Shepherd, from New Zealand.

Local Names: Tasman Whale; Tasman Beaked Whale.

Description: Shepherd's Beaked Whale, though similar in shape, has a more pointed beak than other beaked whales. It has a steep melon, and small flippers and dorsal fin. The body colour is dark above and light underneath, with two dark diagonal bands sweeping from the dorsal onto the lighter flanks and belly. The maximum recorded length for a male is 7m, and for a female is 6.6m.

Recognition at sea: Unknown.

Habitat: It is presumed that this species lives away from coasts and is a deepsea diver.

Food & Feeding: A stomach analysis of a stranded Shepherd's Beaked Whale showed that this species mainly feeds on deepsea fish.

Behaviour: Unknown.

Longevity: Unknown.

Estimated Current Population: Unknown.

The Influence of Man: Unknown.


Southern Bottlenose Whale   (Hyperoodon planifrons)

The Southern Bottlenose Whale is found mainly in the Southern Hemisphere, but have been known to stray as far north as the waters around Hawaii and Japan. They seem to summer around South Africa.

Classification: The specific name, planifrons, means 'level-browed' and refers to the fact that the upper jaw is much lower than that of the Northern Bottlenose Whale.

Local Names: Antarctic Bottlenose Whale; Flathead.

Description: As with the Northern Bottlenose Whale, the head is the predominant feature of this southern species. The melon is bulbous and overhangs the beak. There are a pair of grooves on the throat, beneath the curve of the mouthline, and the prominant dorsal fin is set well back. The body colour varies from dull yellow to deep brown, paling around the head and underneath. Large individuals may be heavily scarred. Two teeth are found at the tip of the lower jaw. The male Southern Bottlenose Whale measures around 6.94m, while the female measures approximately 7.45m in length.

Recognition at sea: Southern Bottlenose Whales cannot be easily idenitifed at sea, except if they are approached closely. At a distance, they can be mistaken for other Beaked Whales, in particular Arnoux's Beaked Whale and Baird's Beaked Whale. However, the large melon and varying body colour of this species should be enough to identify the correct species. The difference in body colour can mean confusion with Cuvier's Beaked Whale, but the latter has a shorter beak.

Habitat: In the summer, Southern Bottlenose Whales are regularly found within 110km of the Antarctic ice-edge. They rarely inhabit waters with a depth of less than 200m.

Food & Feeding: From the stomach analysis of a stranded individual, it seems that squid is the primary prey.

Behaviour: Southern Bottlenose Whales have been found in groups of as many as twenty-five, but mainly appear to travel in units of less than ten. When chased, they sometimes raise the head clear of the water to breathe.

Longevity: Unknown.

Estimated Current Population: Unknown.

The Influence of Man: The Southern Bottlenose Whale, unlike its northern cousin, has not been exploited.


Sowerby's Beaked Whale (Mesoplodon bidens)

This species inhabits the North Atlantic, with its centre of distribution appearing to be the North Sea and most records coming from the United Kingdom. It can be found as northernly as Norway and as southernly as Madiera. The southernmost report of this cetacean was from the Gulf of Mexico.

Classification: British watercolour artist and naturalist named this species in 1804, four years after a skull had been found in the Moray Firth, Scotland. It was later used by French biologist Paul Gervais as the basis for the genus Mesoplodon.

Local Names: North Sea Beaked Whale; Atlanticheski Remzub or Remzub Sowerbi (Russia); Dauphin de Dale or Dauphin de Havre (France); Flosser (Germany); Spidshvalen (Norway); Spitsdolfijn (the Netherlands); Spitssnuitdolfijn (Denmark).

Description: Adults are bluish grey or slate coloured, with grey to white flanks and belly. Young are generally paler and have less scars than the adults. Two teeth are found in the middle of the lower jaw; these protrude outside the mouth in males but not in females or young. The largest male recorded was 5.5m, with the largest female 5.05m.

Recognition at sea: Unknown.

Habitat: Sowerby's Beaked Whale occurs in temperate and subarctic waters.

Food & Feeding:It is thought that squid and small fish are this cetacean's primary prey.

Behaviour: Unknown.

Longevity: Unknown.

Estimated Current Population: Unknown.

The Influence of Man: This species was taken by Newfoundland through the small cetaceans fisheries.


Stejneger's Beaked Whale (Mesoplodon stejnegeri)

Stejneger's Beaked Whale is a little-known, and little-seen, cetacean. It inhabits the North Pacific and most data about this species has originated from Alaskan waters. It has also been recorded around Japan.

Classification: Although it was Frederick True who first described this species in 1885, it was named after his colleague, Leonard Stejneger, who found the first specimen.

Local Names: Bering Sea Beaked Whale; Sabre-Toothed Beaked Whale; North Pacific Beaked Whale.

Description: Few animals have been seen alive. Stejneger's Beaked Whale appears to be dark above and pale below, with the head and neck areas being paler. In adult males two large erupted teeth point forwards near the peak of the arched lower jaw. Both the largest male and largest female specimens measured 5.25m.

Recognition at sea: Unknown.

Habitat: Stejneger's Beaked Whale inhabits cold temperate and subarctic waters.

Food & Feeding:A stomach analysis of an adult Stejneger's Beaked Whale shows that squid is the main food source.

Behaviour: Stejneger's Beaked Whales travel in units of between five and fifteen individuals.

Longevity: Unknown.

Estimated Current Population: Unknown.

The Influence of Man: Unknown.


Straptoothed Whale Mesoplodon layardii)

Although there are more records about the Straptoothed Whale than any other of the Mesoplodon species, it is still a little-known and little-seen cetacean. It is curcumpolar in the Southern Hemisphere, with most records originating from the Indian, Atlantic and Pacific Oceans, mainly around Australia and New Zealand.

Classification: The Straptoothed Whale was named by British biologist John Gray in 1865, after seeing drawings by the South African Museum's curator, E. L. Layard, after whom it was eventually named. The common name refers to the strange teeth found in adult males.

Local Names: Layard's Beaked Whale; Strap-Tooth Beaked Whale.

Description: Adults are mainly black with patches of grey and white that largely occur in the genital area, around the front of the upper jaw, the lower jaw, throat and chest. There is a grey blaze from the melon to almost two-thirds of the way to the dorsal. Teeth erupt in males only, extending from the lower jaw to curve over the upper, preventing it from opening fully. This does not, however, seem to interfere with feeding. The longest female recorded measured 6.15m, while the longest male reached 5.84m.

Recognition at sea: Unknown.

Habitat: The Straptoothed Whale occurs in cold temperate waters.

Food & Feeding:Unknown.

Behaviour: Unknown.

Longevity: Unknown.

Estimated Current Population: Unknown.

The Influence of Man: Unknown.


True's Beaked Whale (Mesoplodon mirus)

True's Beaked Whale is found on the east coast of America and Canada from Nova Scotia down to the Bahamas, as well as on the west coast of Scotland, Ireland and France. Strandings have also been reported on the coast of South Africa and Australia.

Classification: Frederick True, the American biologist, identified this species in 1913. Its specific name, mirus, means 'wonderful', and reflects True's excitement at his discovery.

Local Names: Wonderful Beaked Whale.

Description: The True's Beaked Whale from the Northern Hemisphere are grey fading to light grey on the undersides. Adults have a dark ring around the eye and some areas of white. Southern Hemisphere adults have a white area trailing backwards from the dorsal fin, a darker, flecked belly, and the tip of the beak becomes white. Scratches and scars appear on all animals, and a small tooth is exposed either side of the lower jaw in males. The largest female documented measured 5.1m and weighed 1,394kg; the largest male measured 5.3m.

Recognition at sea: Unknown.

Habitat: True's Beaked Whale tends to prefer temperate waters.

Food & Feeding: A stomach analysis of an adult True's Beaked Whale shows that squid is the main food source.

Behaviour: Unknown.

Longevity: Unknown.

Estimated Current Population: Unknown.

The Influence of Man: Unknown.

Unidentified Beaked Whale (Mesoplodon 'species A')

This cetacean is known only from some thirty sketchy sightings at sea.

Classification: This species cannot be named until a stranded animal can be examined and then identified.

Local Names: None.

Description: The Unidentified Beaked Whale has a low, triangular dorsal fin and a long, wide beak. The melon not as bulbous as in other species. Females and young are grey-brown in colour, fading to pale grey on the undersides. The male has a broad white/cream swathe across the body; the head, beak and 'neck' areas are reddish brown or tan in colour while the dorsal region and flanks behind the light swathe are black-brown or chocolate-brown in colour. It appears to measure between 5-5.5m in length.

Recognition at sea: This species is very difficult to distinguish at sea due to the little amount of information that is available. The blow is not visible.

Habitat: The Unidentified Beaked Whale has so far only been spotted in deep, warm waters of the Eastern Tropical Pacific. The sightings have originated from Guatemala, El Salvador, Mexico, Costa Rica, Nicaragua, Panama, Ecuador, Peru and Colombia. This species appears to favour deep water.

Food & Feeding: It is thought that this species preys mainly on squid.

Behaviour: The Unidentified Beaked Whale has been seen in groups of two-eight individuals, travelling tightly at a moderate pace. It appears to be lethagic at the surface, sluggish and does not participate in any acrobatic activities such as breaching or lobtailing. Seems to simply 'roll away' at the surface, disappearing easily and quickly.

Longevity: Unknown.

Estimated Current Population: Unknown.

The Influence of Man: Unknown.

 

 

[The Gray Whales
[The Rorqual Whales
[The Right Whales
[The Sperm Whales
[The White Whales
[The Beaked Whales] 
[The Pilot & Killer Whales] 

 


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